Corresponding lenticular imaging

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein is a method of making a corresponding lenticular image comprising: providing an output device in communication with a computer having a memory; receiving into the computer memory an interlaced image file; converting the interlaced image file into an output having an output resolution; varying the resolution of the output to define a varied output resolution; and creating a corresponding lenticular image using the output at the varied output resolution. In a preferred embodiment, the output device is a plate setter and the output is a plate. As such, in at least one embodiment, the method is suitable for use with a Computer-to-Plate (“CTP”) system.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to U.S. provisional patent applicationSer. No. 60/305,095 filed Jul. 13, 2001, which is incorporated herein byreference.

FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to lithography. In one aspect, theinvention relates to creating a lenticular image that can impart theillusion of multidimensionality and/or motion, and more particularly, tocreating a corresponding lenticular image created from an output havingan output resolution that has been varied to obtain a varied outputresolution.

Lenticular images are created by joining an interlaced image to alenticular lens, described in greater detail below. Lenticular lensesare known and commercially available. These lenses typically consist ofan array of identical cylindrically-curved surfaces that are extruded,embossed or otherwise formed on the front surface of a plastic sheet,although other geometric patterns are possible and known, e.g.,pyramidal, and these too can be used in the present invention). Eachindividual lens or lenticule is typically a section of a long cylinderthat typically extends the full length of the underlying image to whichit is laminated (either directly or indirectly as described below).Alternatively, lenticules can take other shapes, for example, aparabolic or truncated cylindrical shape. The back surface of thelenticular lens, i.e., the surface to which an underlying image isjoined, is typically flat or substantially flat. One example of alenticular lens that can be used in the present invention is describedin U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/816,435, incorporated byreference herein.

Due to variables in production such as, for example, the material used(lenticular lenses are typically made from plastic materials), hightemperatures, different tolerances depending on machines or productionmethods used, and the like, lenticular lenses can vary from lot to lot.Such variance can affect the quality of the end lenticular product andintroduce complications in the production processes. Thus, it would bedesirable to determine and implement a lenticular imaging method thatresults in interlaced images that correspond to lenticular lenses whileminimizing the effects such varying lenticular lens have on suchcorrespondence.

Color scanners break down images into a plurality continuous toneprimary color separations (i.e., red, green and blue). These separationsare converted to subtractive primaries (i.e., cyan, magenta, and yellow)plus black for printing. Alternatively, hi fi, hexachrome or other colorgamut separations can be used, further converting the primaries intonarrower color hues (e.g., cyan, magenta, yellow, green and orange) plusblack. Regardless, the conversion represents the original picture.

Methods for producing multidimensional lithographic separations as wellas multidimensional composite images are known in the art, as isillustrated by U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,488,451, 5,617,178, and 5,847,808, eachof which is incorporated herein by reference. Multidimensional imagingon a curved surface has been taught in U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/536,246, which is incorporated by reference herein.

Digital images are two dimensional, that is, they have a width and aheight. It is standard practice in the graphic arts industry for digitalimages to have a single resolution. Graphical imaging equipmentincludes, for example, digital cameras (e.g., the Camedia E10 availablefrom Olympus Inc., located in Tokyo, Japan, and the Optura, availablefrom Canon Inc., located in Tokyo Japan), digital scanners (e.g.,SNAPSCAN 1236, available from AGFA-Gevaert, N.V.) and imaging software(e.g., Adobe™ Photoshop™). Scanners such as the SNAPSCAN are used toachieve higher resolutions of digital images. Such scanners can scan,for example, at 1200 pixels per inch in a first direction and 600 pixelsper inch in a second direction. The scanner typically scans at a highresolution in one machine direction and interpolates the lowerresolution upward, since the lower resolution is typically a factor ofthe higher resolution. Thus, a single resolution (typically the higherresolution) is obtained through interpolation. The single resolution canbe accommodated by the associated software, and the software uses thesingle resolution image file for both directions of the two dimensionaldigital image. Interlaced images, described in greater detail below, canbe created from digital frames.

It is well known in the graphic imaging art that images can be createdusing a computer system and stored using one of a number of computerreadable mediums. These mediums can include, for example, RAM, harddrive, CD ROM, DVD, tape, and optical means. A variety of file formatscan be used, for example, TIFF, JPEG, Photoshop®, and EPS, among others.

Output devices, such as inkjet printers, typically take a singleresolution image and then typically output the image, again, at a singleresolution. One such output device is the Stylus Color 980N, availablefrom Epson America, Inc. of Longbeach, Calif. In some cases, the devicecan output an image at two resolutions.

Creating an interlaced image having two distinct resolutions(“interlaced image resolutions” or “interlaced resolutions”), however,is missing in the prior art. As used in this application, “distinctresolutions”, means resolutions that are independent of each other.Moreover, creating interlaced images having non-integer (also referredto herein as “non-whole number” or “floating point”) resolution valuesis missing in the art.

In these instances, the device is typically set at its highestresolution output mode, such as 2880 dots per inch (“dpi”) by 720 dpi,or alternatively, 1440 dpi by 720 dpi. As such, the second resolution ismerely a factor of the first resolution, Computer-to-Plate (CTP)technology is a plate-imaging process in which printing plates areimaged directly from digital files. As such, the need for photographicfilms is eliminated. Components of a typical CTP system include a rasterimage processor (RIP), a plate-storing location, a device(s) forremoving slip sheets, a punching device(s), system(s) for loading andunloading plates, a plate setter, and a post-processing system.

It would be desirable to create corresponding lenticular images that canprovide a desired special effect in a manner that can accommodate avariety of factors, for example, multiple frame resolutions that cancharacterize digital frames. Such corresponding lenticular images couldpreferably be created to have non-integer or floating point resolutions.Ideally, the corresponding lenticular images would minimize, if noteliminate, distortion (e.g., banding).

It would also be desirable to output an image for use in a lenticularimage utilizing an output device capable of achieving a varied outputresolution in at least one direction, as well as a distinct secondresolution in a second direction. It would be desirable if such imagescould be output at non-integer or floating point resolutions in eitheror both directions. In sum, if the above could be achieved, lenticularimages of improved clarity and detail could be created, lenticularimages that could better convey a desired special effects ofmultidimensionality to the intended viewer.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a novel and efficient method forproviding lenticular images.

In one aspect, a method of making a corresponding lenticular image isdisclosed herein, the method comprising: providing an output device incommunication with a computer having a memory; receiving into thecomputer memory an interlaced image file; converting the interlacedimage file into an output having an output resolution; varying theresolution of the output to define a varied output resolution; andcreating a corresponding lenticular image using the output at the variedoutput resolution. In a preferred embodiment, the output device is aplate setter and the output is a plate.

The present invention provides a method of creating multidimensionallithographs and/or images in which the interlaced image has been subjectto little, if any, scaling, averaging, reduction or other manipulationthat results in a reduction of image pixels.

Thus, when compared to multidimensional images of the prior art,multidimensional images of the present invention are characterized byincreased image quality and clarity, and reduced blurring, or otherdistortion in the image. Moreover, multidimensional mages, especiallythose that convey the illusion of motion and depth can be morecontiguous and less disjointed.

These and other important features, hallmarks and objects of the presentinvention will be apparent from the following descriptions of thisinvention which follow.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a digital frame with a pluralityof digital frame segments that can be used with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary interlaced imagehaving a plurality of digital frame segments and with the image shownprior to joining the interlaced image to a lenticular lens;

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of a portion of anoutput device that can be used to vary the resolution of the outputaccording to one aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of a pixel grid of a high resolutionoutput according to one aspect of the present invention having an outputx resolution;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic illustration of a representative pixelfrom the pixel grid of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of a pixel grid of a high resolutionoutput according to one aspect of the present invention having an outputx resolution that is less than the output x resolution of FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic illustration of a representative pixelfrom the pixel grid of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a schematic end view of a lenticular image in which aninterlaced image is joined to the lenticular lens showing a lack ofcorrespondence between interlaced image segments of the interlaced imageand the lenticules of the lenticular lens;

FIG. 9 is a schematic end view of a lenticular image in which aninterlaced image is joined to the lenticular lens showing correspondencebetween interlaced image segments of the interlaced image and thelenticules of the lenticular lens;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the present invention;

FIG. 11 shows a flow chart illustrative of a method in accordance withone aspect of the present invention;

FIGS. 12 a–c show examples of digital frames and an interlaced imagewhere correspondence has been achieved according to the presentinvention; and

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating one mode of achieving correspondencethrough varying image file resolution.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The lenticular images of this invention can tell a story, show eventsover time, and can show an object in perspective. A fourth dimension(motion, with or without depth) can also be imparted by lenticularimages. Thus, “lenticular images” are images that are used to convey theillusion of multidimensionality (i.e., depth, with or without motion).

The concept of a lithographic motion picture (i.e., a lithograph thatimparts the illusion of motion) can be explained by reference to motionpicture films. These films consist of a series of still image frames orpictures. If these frames are projected in the proper sequence and at aproper frequency (e.g., 24 frames per second), then the illusion ofmotion is created to a viewer viewing the frames. In this way, the humanbrain can perceive motion from the series of still pictures.

This invention can produce lithographs of photographic quality thatimpart the illusion of motion and/or depth to a viewer. Theselithographs have many possible uses such as pages with animations thatmove, movies condensed to a series of scenes that can be playedrepeatedly by the viewer, point of purchase displays incorporatingmotion graphics, images and animation, cups, and packaging and labelingapplications.

A lenticular image comprises an interlaced or precursor image that isjoined to a lenticular lens for which it is designed and to which itshall correspond or substantially correspond so as to create alenticular image that can impart an illusion of depth, again, with orwithout motion to a viewer. As used here, “joined” is typically theprinting of the interlaced image directly to or on a flat orsubstantially flat back surface of the lenticular lens itself, but thisjoining as used here includes indirect printing which includes thelamination (e.g., using an adhesive) of the lenticular lens to thesurface of the interlaced image that itself has first been printed to asubstrate (e.g., paper, synthetic paper, plastic, metal, glass or wood).Joining can be permanent, semi-permanent, or temporary as appropriate tothe application at hand. When printed directly to the flat back surfaceof the lenticular lens, the interlaced image can be displayed to aviewer using, for example, transmissive light (i.e., light passingthrough the lens), back-lighting, or in a reflective manner using anadditional reflective coating or surface. The reflective coating canpreferably be an opaque white or other suitable reflective coating andthe surface can comprise, for example, paper. One use of a reflectivecoating applicable for use here is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No.5,896,230, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.

The illusion of multidimensionality, with or without motion, is createdwhen a viewer views the interlaced image through the lenticules of thelenticular lens at an appropriate viewing distance. The typical viewingdistance for a viewer can vary. For example the view distance can belong (e.g., 12–20 ft.), or short (e.g., arm's length). The viewingdistance is typically predetermined, depending on the product orparticular application (e.g., packaging, labeling, and containers, amongothers).

Referring to FIG. 1, a schematic illustration of a digital frame “a” isshown. Digital frame “a” is representative of the digital image that isstored in a computer file. A digital frame is made from base pictures orbase images, collectively referred to by numeral 10, that are inelectronic (i.e., pixel) form. Illustrative images 10 (e.g., a tree, aperson, etc.) can include: photographs, graphics, typeface, logos,animation, video, computer-generated or digital art, vignettes, tints,dimensional art, graphs, charts, vector art and similar information.These images can be in digital form initially, for example, if they arecreated using a digital camera or digital video camera. If the baseimages are not initially in digital form (i.e., they are in analogform), then they can be converted into digital form using, for example,optical scanning apparatuses and methods.

Once the base images are converted into digital form, the digital frame“a” can be created. Digital frame “a” can be made using softwareprograms known to those of skill in the art, for example, Adobe®Photoshop®. The complexity of digital frame “a” depends on a number offactors, for example, the number of base images, whether vector and/orgraphic components are used to make up the frames, and the desiredeffect of the final interlaced images (i.e., multidimensionality with orwithout motion). Using Adobe® Photoshop®, digital frames can have imagesplaced within them at different “layers”, meaning that the images can beadded, subtracted, moved, sized, adjusted, filtered or otherwisemanipulated to a user's convenience to accomplish the desired illusionsor special effects.

Digital frame “a” is two-dimensional, that is, it has a width and aheight. As here used with respect to digital frame “a”, the frame widthcorresponds to an “x” direction (also called a “first frame direction”)and frame height corresponds to a “y” direction (also called a “secondframe direction”). As a practical matter, digital frame “a” isrepresentative of the image that is stored in a computer file, or theimage prior to output. It is contemplated that varying the x framedirection in this pre-output image file is possible.

Numerous data entry conventions may be used. For example, in a preferredembodiment, using conventional software, a single digital frameresolution can be selected or input for both the width and heightdirections of a digital frame “a”. “Digital frame resolution” or simply“frame resolution” means a resolution that corresponds to apredetermined number of pixels per lineal distance, such as inches,centimeters, picas, etc. In some applications it may be standard orcommon practice to enter a single value representative of first andsecond frame resolutions (i.e., a “square frame resolution”). Thus,digital frames are “square” and have “square frame resolutions” whenthey have identical or substantially identical resolutions thatcorrespond to first and second frame directions.

In another preferred embodiment, a first digital frame resolution and adistinct second digital frame resolution can be input for the width andheight directions of digital frame “a”. Such frames may be constructedto be “non-square” and characteristically comprise “non-square frameresolutions” (i.e., different resolutions for the width and the height).Additionally, frames can be constructed to be “square”, even though theymay include distinct first and second digital frame resolution inputs.

In order to create an interlaced or precursor image that will provide aviewer with an illusion of multidimensionality (i.e., when theinterlaced image is joined to and viewed through an appropriatelenticular lens), the digital frame “a”, is segmented (i.e., divided)into frame segments (i.e., a₁, a₂, a₃, . . . , a₉). As a practicalmatter, a segment of a frame is typically in the form of a rectangularcolumn and the height and width of each such column is typically thesame, from column to column (i.e., the height and width of frame segmenta₁ is typically the same or substantially the same as the height andwidth of frame segment a₂).

Additional digital frames can be created in a similar fashion to that ofdigital frame “a”, and similarly segmented into digital frame segments.For example, a second frame “b” (not shown) can be segmented intosegments b₁, b₂, . . . , b₉. Once created, the digital frames can beordered, and their respective frame segments interlaced into a desiredsequence to create an interlaced image. The “desired sequence” ofdigital frames (and their respective frame segments) is the sequencethat can impart the desired illusion of multidimensionality to a viewerof the interlaced or precursor image when the image is joined to, andviewed through, a lenticular lens.

Typically, twelve digital frames are interlaced with one another tocreate an interlaced image, although the number of frames can vary toconvenience, for example from 2 to 96, or even more. Digital frames canbe repeated when ordering and creating the interlaced image. In thisway, certain of the digital frames can be given additional weightrelative the other digital frames in the interlaced image, andultimately, the lenticular image. Digital frames that are given greaterweight in the interlaced image are commonly referred to as “hero”frames.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of an interlaced image 20.Interlaced image 20 is representative of the interlaced image that isstored in a computer file. In general, interlaced image 20 comprises aplurality of digital frame segments that have been interlaced to createthe interlaced image. Interlaced image 20 is formed from digital frames(i.e., digital frames “a”, “b”, “c”, . . . , “1”), each of which hasbeen segmented into their respective digital frame segments a₁ througha₉, b₁ through b₉, and c₁ through c₉ (not all of which are illustrated).Digital frame segments (a₁, b₁, c₁, . . . 1 ₁) make an interlaced imagesegment 22. As such, an “interlaced image segment” represents the uniqueframe segments of the digital frames arranged in the desired sequence.

Preferably, interlacing is accomplished using computer software designedfor such interlacing. In another embodiment, the interlacing can beaccomplished by manual manipulation of the pixels. However, as apractical matter, as images become more complex manual manipulationbecomes more tedious and cumbersome and, as such, less practical.Masking, deleting, layering, or other pixel/image selection techniquescan also be used to combine digital frames into an interlaced image.

The digital frame and interlaced image resolutions correlate to theorientation or direction of the lenticular lens to which the interlacedor precursor image will eventually be joined. The first or “x” (ornegative x) direction is oriented substantially perpendicular to (alsocalled “across”) the lenticules of the lenticular lens to which it willbe subsequently joined. The second or “y” (or negative y) direction, asused herein, is a direction substantially parallel to or “with” thelenticules of the lenticular lens. These orientations are described forclarity and specificity, and should not be interpreted in any limitingway, as other orientations besides the “x” and “y” orientationsdescribed here are possible. Moreover, as described herein, the “x” and“y” directions are oriented at 90 degrees to each other. However, itwill be apparent to those of skill in the art that the frame andinterlaced image resolutions can be oriented or arranged to correspondto other angles, directions as desired without departing from the scopeof the invention.

Files are typically compressed to improve the efficiency of theirstorage (e.g., on a disk or other media) and transfer (e.g., over anetwork such as the Internet). In general, compression refers to thereduction of file size. There are generally two known types ofcompression, namely, “lossy” and “lossless”. “Compression”, as hereinused, includes both “lossless” and “lossy” compression techniques.Moreover, it will be understood that, for purposes of this invention,the concept of compression includes “masking”, “scaling”“interpolation”, “deleting”, “averaging” or any other technique in whichpixels, pixel information, or digitized frame information ismanipulated. In other words, the concept of “compression” as here usedincludes techniques in which some pixels are retained or discarded.

In a preferred embodiment, it is contemplated that the digital framescan be compressed, segmented and subsequently interlaced. It is alsocontemplated that compression can take place prior to, after, orsubstantially simultaneously with or during the interlacing of thedigital frame segments so to create a desired interlaced image.

When digital frames are compressed, whether the frames are square ornon-square, compression takes place in the “x” or width direction. Inthe “x” direction, compression is expressed as the reciprocal of thenumber of frames per lenticule, i.e., compression =1/f, where “f” is thetotal number of frames in the interlaced image (e.g., if 12 frames areused, f equals 12 and compression is equal to 1/12). In alternativepreferred embodiments, compression in the “x” direction can also beexpressed as a multiple, or factor, of 1/f. Preferably, digital framesare thus compressed such that the compression of each frame is afunction of the total number of frames in the interlaced image.

Preferably little, if any, compression takes place in the “y” direction,although the resolution can be scaled to convenience. In the past, the“y” resolution of a digital frame was scaled according to L times f,(i.e., the “x” and “y” resolutions of the digital frames were one in thesame). In a preferred embodiment, the “y” resolution of the compressedframe remains at the same resolution of the nonconpressed frameresolution in the “y” direction (i.e., a digital frame created at 300pixels per inch at 100% resolution does not change).

Compression of the interlaced image made up of the digital framesegments can also be accomplished. Referring again to FIG. 2, directionscan be assigned to the dimension of the interlaced image. It iscontemplated that the interlaced image can have a distinct firstinterlaced image resolution in the width or “x” direction and a distinctsecond interlaced image resolution in the height or “y” direction.

The interlaced image resolution in the “x” direction is a pixelresolution that corresponds to the resolution of the line count of thelenticular lens (“L”) times the number of frames (“f”) used to createthe interlaced image, or simply:L×f.Noting that this resolution (i.e., the “x” direction interlaced imageresolution) is dependent on 2 variables (i.e., “L” and “f”), it becomesclear that there is an advantage to utilizing a device that can output ascreened interlaced image at a resolution that can be varied in at leastone direction (here the “x” direction) that corresponds to theinterlaced image resolution.

It is contemplated that the “x” direction” resolution can also be amultiple or factor of L times f. Moreover, the line count of thelenticular lens can vary to convenience, and is typically between 10 and400, or even more lines per lineal inch (lpi). The line count or “pitch”is highly dependent on the application at hand. For example, a coarselens (e.g., on the order of about 10–50 lpi) can be used for a busshelter signage. Even coarser lenses can be used in certain otherapplications, such as billboards. On the other hand, a fine lenticularlens (e.g., on the order of about 150–400 lpi) can typically be used fora label comprising small type fonts or sizes (e.g., on the order ofabout 9 pts. or even less).

The “y” direction of the interlaced image correlates to the “y”direction (or second frame resolution) of the digital frame. Interlacingdoes not take place in the “y” direction. As such, pixel information(again the frames are in digital form) in the “y” direction typicallyremains in a noncompressed or essentially noncompressed state. It isnoted, however, that the “y” direction resolution can also be varied,for example, by scaling the resolution up or down. Alternatively, thesize of the interlaced image itself can be scaled up or down in the “y”direction, with or without scaling of the resolution in the “y”direction.

Thus, as oriented and described herein, the “y” direction resolution,whether referring to the digital frame or the digital interlaced image,is a resolution that is distinct from the “x” direction resolution.Preferably, the “y” direction resolution is a factor or multiple of the“fixed” resolution of the engine or device (i.e., the “machineresolution”) used to accomplish screening. However, this is not requiredsince, for example, the resolution can be an independent resolution(e.g., 300 dots per inch or dpi, or ppi, or any metric equivalent).

One hallmark of the present invention is that the interlaced imageresolution in the “y” direction can be set to non-integer values, withsuch non-integer values being independent of“x” direction outputresolution. In one example, an image resolution value is in metricunits, such as for example, 120 pixels per centimeter (in English units,a typical image resolution is 300 ppi). Metric input devices, forexample, the Hell Chromagraph CP 340 scanner can be used to accommodatemetric values. In metric units, a typical output resolution is 120pixels per centimeter (ppc). In one conversion, 120 ppc are multipliedby 2.54 centimeters per inch (cpi) to arrive at the English unitsequivalent of 304.8 ppi, a non-integer value.

“Screening” refers to the process of converting a continuous tone imageto a matrix of dots in sizes proportional to the highlights (i.e., thelightest or whitest area of an image) and shadows (i.e., the darkestportions of the image) of the continuous tone image. Image screeningtechniques can include, for example, half-tone screening and stochasticscreening. In conventional half-tone screening, the number of dots perinch remains constant, although the size of the dots can vary inrelation to the tonal range density of the pixel depth that theyrepresent. When making color separations, screen angles must be rotatedso as to avoid moire interference. Moire is an undesirable opticaleffect that results from an out-of-register overlap of patterns.Conventional screen angles of rotation that can be used to eliminate orsubstantially eliminate moire interference are: 0 for yellow, 45 degreesfor magenta, 75 degrees for cyan, and 105 degrees for black. Sinceangles can be interchanged, or skewed, as a whole, dots composed ofmultiple pixels, can create moire problems which are essentially theresult of repetitive nature of the dissimilar pixels. Moreover, theangling of the half tone screens can result in a rosette pattern. Halftones can interfere with viewing the image through the lenticular lensby creating screen interference and/or moire.

Stochastic or frequency-modulated (FM) screening can create the illusionof tone with variably-spaced dots. Stochastic screening techniquestypically yield higher resolutions than are typically obtained inconventional half-tone dot screening. Stochastic screening utilizesfiner spots, and results in a higher resolution such that screenrotation, and the formation of rosette patterns can be eliminated.Stochastic screening techniques can virtually eliminate moire and screeninterference. Stochastic screening can result in higher dot gain onpress and, when making a plate or a proof, precise exposure control isneeded. Still, plate setters eliminate the step of creating a film andthe additional dot gain that accompanies its production. Plate setterscan be calibrated for accurate screen reproduction. In general,stochastic screening is preferable when smaller or finer images areutilized, for example, on the order of 30 to 10 microns, or even less.

If the digital frames have identical first and second resolutions (i.e.,a square frame), screening can be accomplished according to screeningtechnologies already known to those of skill, for example, halftone orstochastic screening.

If the digital frames comprise distinct first and second resolutions(i.e., a non-square digital frame), screening of the digital frame orinterlaced image files can include screening in a distinct firstdirection and a distinct second direction that correlate to the “x” and“y” directions described above. Thus, it is contemplated that, ifdesired, different screening algorithms or techniques can be used foreach of the directions corresponding to the digital frame or interlacedimage file being screened. For example, halftone screening can be usedin the first (e.g., “x”) direction and stochastic screening can be usedin the second (e.g., “y”) direction, or vice versa. In short, it iscontemplated that the approach to the screening can be distinct anddifferent in two different directions, if this is desired.

It is further contemplated that screening, whether using halftone,stochastic, or any other technique, can take place prior to interlacing,after interlacing but prior to sending the interlaced image to an outputdevice (preferably a high resolution output device), or after sendingthe interlaced image to the Raster Image Processor, that is, a “RIP”,(e.g., Scriptworks®, available from Harlequin® of Chicago) of the outputdevice. Raster data prints a page as a pattern of dots or spots. Toplace the dots, the RIP maps out the page as a grid of spotlocations—called a bitmap. Thus, a RIP converts the interlaced imagefile to bitmap data for ouputting since bitmapped data can beaccommodated by the output device that ultimately outputs the finalimage (i.e., an interlaced image which is joined to a lenticular lens)as dots.

The screened interlaced image is output at a resolution corresponding toits x-direction digital resolution, and at a size that corresponds tothe lenticular lens which will eventually overlay it. The interlacedimage can be output to any high-resolution output device which caneventually create a lithographic separation, e.g., a plate, a film,proof, etc. This separation can then be used to create the print towhich the lenticular lens can be laminated by any conventionaltechnique. In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the compositeimage is printed directly to the reverse or back side of the lenticularlens and displayed to the viewer when the image is viewed by a viewerthrough the lens.

It is a hallmark of the present invention that the output deviceresolution can correspond to the “x” direction resolution of theinterlaced image, which in turn can correspond to the pitch of thelenticular lens. It is noted that, more likely than not, the interlacedimage and output device resolutions will comprise at least onenon-integer or floating point resolution.

The interlaced image can be output to an high resolution output device,or simply “output device”, such as a plate setter, image setter, inkjetprinter, digital press, electrostatic printer, or laser printer, inshort, any device that is capable of receiving an interlaced image fileand creating a film separation, a printing plate, a digital proof, orother output having the interlaced image represented thereon. As such,as used herein, “output device” refers to devices that result in aninterlaced image being printed directly or indirectly to a lenticularlens. If the interlaced image is sent to a digital printing device, theinterlaced image can be directly printed to the lenticular lens, orindirectly applied to the lenticular lens, that is, the image is firstprinted to a substrate and then joined to the lens.

Preferably, the interlaced image is sent to an image setter or platesetter. With respect to an image setter, a film separation is created,and from the separation, a proof and/or plate is created. The proof canthen be laminated to the lenticular lens, again such that the image andlens are in correspondence. Alternatively, a plate can be created by aplate setter such that the interlaced image is printed, again eitherdirectly or indirectly to the lenticular lens. In this case, a plate iscreated and used to print the image to the lens such that the image andlens are in correspondence. When using a plate setter, a direct digitalproof is preferably created to verify the integrity of the image, inother words, the ability of the image to convey to a viewer viewing theimage at the appropriate viewing the special effect illusion ofmultidimensionality. Image quality, color, content, among otherfeatures, is also examined and verified. A plate separation can be used,preferably for printing directly to the reverse side of the lenticularlens, and a plate separation can be also used to create the print towhich the lenticular lens is laminated by any conventional technique.

A device that can expose lithographic printing plates and color proofingmaterials in a manner that accomplishes the present invention is known,and is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,204,874, the teachings ofwhich are incorporated by reference here.

More specifically, U.S. Pat. No. 6,204,874 is directed to a thermalplate setter and color proofer that provides a single device capable ofautomatically loading printing plates and proofing sheets onto the samedrum and using a single laser head to expose both. The invention thispatent combines is a Computer-to-Plate (CTP) system using a thermalimaging head with a thermal proofer. Proofs are loaded using a sheetfeeding tray in which the materials are stacked in the same order theproofer uses them: a receiver sheet followed by four different donorsheets, this sequence being repeated many times. Donor sheets are largerthan the receiver sheet to allow the vacuum around the receiver sheet tohold the donor sheets. Means of loading the sheets onto the drum areprovided, preferably a hinged tray, in order to bring the sheets intocontact with the drum, allowing the drum to grip a sheet from the tray,using the vacuum holes in the drum. Discarded donor sheets are unloadedinto a second tray. Sequencing of the sheets in the tray can be done bypre-packing them by the supplier in the correct sequence or by the userof the color proofer, allowing for addition of customized colors andreplacement of sheets with different colors. The printing plate can beloaded in the same tray as the proofing materials or have separateloading means. The preferred embodiment uses an external drum exposureunit and a thermal exposure head, the term “thermal” referring to thefact that the marking is preformed by heat that is created, for example,by a laser.

An example of a thermal imaging unit is a TRENDSETTER™ plate settermanufactured by Creo Products, Inc., located in Burnaby, B.C., Canada).The APPROVAL digital proofer, manufactured by the Kodak Co., located inRochester, N.Y., is an example of a digital printer/CTP(“Computer-to-Plate) device.

As described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,204,874, pre-sequenced sets of donorsand receivers can be loaded onto the drum in a manner that allows theproduction of multiple proofs in an automated fashion as well as theproduction of printing plates. The carrier can be the lenticular lens.To use the system for imaging printing plates, the plates can be placedin the loading tray as the proofing materials or a separate loading trayor loading ramp can be used, with such methods of loading beingwell-known in the art. As such, U.S. Pat. No. 6,204,874 is directed, atleast in part, to a CTP device that can image to a film, to a proof,and/or to a plate utilizing an external exposing drum.

The proof or image can be exposed directly to the lens within thespecific device. For example, the device described in the U.S. Pat. No.6,204,874 is one example of a device that is capable of outputting at avariable resolution in at least one direction, and more importantly,capable of outputting at a distinctly different resolution in at leastone other direction. In general, a device such as this one is capable ofoutputting an image at two distinct resolutions (for example theresolutions correlating to the “x” and the “y” directions describedabove), at least one of which is variable and may include non-integervalues.

Accomplishing the present method of creating and preparing a lenticularimage comprising an interlaced image having a first interlacedresolution and second interlaced resolution, for example the fixed andvariable resolutions described above, requires a suitable output device.

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of a portion of asuitable output device according to one aspect of the present invention.Specifically, a schematic illustration of drum 30 is shown which can beused in a plate setter output device (not shown). The drum can rotate onshaft 31. Directions can be assigned to drum 30 so as to correlate tothe “x” and “y” directions described above with respect to the digitalframes and interlaced images. For purposes of clarity and as usedherein, the “x” direction refers to the direction around the drum andthe “y” direction refers to the direction along the drum. An output,specifically plate 32 is shown wrapped around and fastened to drum 30such that the plate rotates along with drum 30. As plate 32 rotates inthe “x” direction, exposure element 34 (schematically illustrating, forexample, an array of diodes) exposes the plate in a known fashion tocorrelate with the interlaced image file. As a practical matter, element34 moves parallel to the “y” direction shown such that, in combinationwith the rotational movement of drum 30 in the “x” direction, exposureof the plate 32 can occur as desired.

Timing is critical to the proper exposure of plate 32, which isaccomplished by the movement of drum 30 carrying the plate relative themovement of exposure element 34. Proper timing necessitates the use oftime-keeping element(s) (e.g., at least one clock, and typically atleast two or more clocks). One such clock is a Mainscale Scan Adjustment(“MSA”). Adjusting the MSA permits the control and fine tuning of thetiming of image creation on the plate secured to the drum of the outputdevice. Stated another way, the MSA changes the rate at which exposureof the plate occurs, resulting in a change in image size.

As one example of an MSA, an interlaced file that has been sent to a RIPresulted in a file having a non-square resolution of 2436 ppi by 2400ppi. A plate is created and a precursor image is printed to thelenticular lens. If the image does not correspond to the lenticules ofthe lenticular lens, an MSA is made in the following manner: first, theoutput is measured and compared against a lenticule measurement todetermine whether the output resolution, in this case 2436 dpi must beadjusted upward or downward (i.e., larger or smaller), and by therequisite amount. For a desired output of 2438 dpi, the resolution mustbe adjusted upward by 2 dpi. The value of 2436 dpi is multiplied by afactor of 10⁻⁶ to obtain a value that corresponds to the MSA clock in aunit value of parts per million. The difference in the number of dots inthe differential, 2, is then divided by the clock value in parts permillion, 0.002436, thereby resulting in a value of approximately 821.This value is the adjustment value that is used by the MSA clock toadjust the timing of the exposure around the drum so as to approximate,as nearly as possible, the desired output value of 2438 dpi forcorrespondence to be achieved between the interlaced or precursor imageand the lenticular lens to which it is to be joined. A new plate iscreated, and an image is printed to a lenticular, and correspondencebetween the lens and image is checked. If correspondence is achieved, aprint run of suitable lenticular images providing the desired specialeffect at the appropriate viewing distance is initiated. If not, anotherMSA calculation is made as described in this paragraph above, and a newplate is made.

FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of a pixel grid of a high resolutionoutput, the output having an output x resolution (i.e., an outputresolution in the x direction), according to one aspect of the presentinvention. FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic illustration of arepresentative pixel from the pixel grid of FIG. 4. FIG. 6 is aschematic plan view of a pixel grid of a high resolution outputaccording to one aspect of the present invention having an output xresolution that is less than the output x resolution of FIG. 4. FIG. 7is an enlarged schematic illustration of a representative pixel from thepixel grid of FIG. 6.

In FIGS. 4–7, x₁ illustrates an output pixel width in the output xdirection and y₁ illustrates an output pixel width in the output ydirection. Similarly, x₂ illustrates another output pixel width in theoutput x direction. To obtain a desired result, in the circumstanceillustrated, the width of x₂ is less than the width of x₁, whilemaintaining the output pixel width in the y direction constant at y₁. Inthis fashion, x₂ is selected by varying the output x resolution toachieve correspondence between the interlaced image and the lenticulesof the lenticular lens to which it will ultimately be joined. It iscontemplated that the width of x₂ could also be greater than then widthof x₁.

Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the output x resolution can be variedsuch that the resolution corresponds to the pitch of the lenticular lens“L” times the number of digital frames “f”, as described above, or amultiple or factor thereof. Thus, in the “x” direction, the outputresolution corresponds to the interlaced image resolution.

For example, a given lenticular lens may be created to have a pitch of101.5 lpi. In accordance with the formula L times f, an interlaced imagecomprising 24 digital frames results in an “x” direction interlacedimage resolution of 2436 ppi, or alternatively, a multiple thereof. Inorder to achieve correspondence between the interlaced image resolutionand the lenticular lens, the output device resolution is varied to 2436dpi (rather than, for example, a fixed machine resolution of 2400 dpi)in the “x” direction. Thus, the present invention achieves an outputresolution that can be varied to achieve a varied output resolution,here in a direction across the lens (i.e., in the “x” direction).

Moreover, the output resolution can be varied in a precise manner toinclude non-integer resolution values. In fact, the typical outputresolution value is a non-integer value. As one example, a lenticularlens can have a pitch of 101.512 lpi. Here, the “x” direction interlacedimage resolution, again for an interlaced image comprising 24 digitalframes, is 2436.288 ppi, (in accordance with the formula L times f).Here again, to achieve correspondence between the interlaced image andthe lenticules of the lenticular lens, the interlaced image ispreferably output at a resolution that is tuned to precisely correspondwith the dimensions of the particular lenticular lens that is used tocreate the final lenticular image, here, a non-integer number.

The interlaced image is output at a “y” direction output resolution,which correlates to a machine resolution (i.e. high definition outputdevice), for example the device described above in U.S. Pat. No.6,204,874. “Machine resolution” refers to the output resolution(s) thata given output device can achieve. Unless otherwise noted herein, the“machine resolution” shall refer to the highest or finest possibleoutput device resolution.

The “y” direction interlaced image resolution is selected to accommodatewhat is deemed required to obtain appropriate image detail and quality.The “y” direction output resolution is independent of the “y” directioninterlaced image resolution. In other words, the “y” directioninterlaced image resolution need not correlate, directly or indirectly,to the “y” direction output resolution. As such, it is not required thatthe image resolution be a factor or multiple of the “y” direction outputresolution (i.e., the resolution of the output device in the “y”direction). Furthermore, the “y” direction interlaced image resolutionis distinct from the “x” direction interlaced image resolution.Typically, there is no correlation between the “y” direction interlacedimage resolution and the “x” direction interlaced image resolution.

The “y” direction output resolution is distinct, and typicallydifferent, from the “x” direction output resolution. Again, the outputresolution is distinct from the interlaced image resolution as well.Preferably, the machine resolution is typically set at 2400 dpi (or afactor thereof if set to a lower or coarser resolution). The “y”direction image output resolution is typically fixed at this distinctmachine resolution, or alternatively, at a factor thereof (e.g., 1200dpi, 600 dpi, 300 dpi, etc.). Thus, as described herein, the “y”direction output resolution is termed a “fixed resolution”.

In a preferred embodiment, the “y” direction output resolution is afixed machine resolution, for example, 2400 dpi, which is an integervalue that is distinct from the “x” direction machine resolution.However, the “y” direction output resolution can be a non-integerresolution. In other words, the “y” direction output resolution can be avariable resolution (which can include a non-integer value that isdistinct from the “x” direction output resolution value).

The appropriate lenticular lens is selected to accommodate the image andthe predetermined viewing distance. For a large application, such as abillboard or bus shelter, or a vending machine facade, a thick, coarselenticular lens is usually preferred. For smaller application, such as acup, a label or a package, a fine lenticular lens is typicallypreferred. Coarse lenticular lenses have fewer lenticules per linearinch than fine lenticular lenses. Other factors often considered in thechoice of a lenticular lens include the thickness, flexibility, theviewing distance, the cost of the lens, and the method of printing theimage (e.g., sheet-fed, lithographic, web, flexography, screen-print,etc.), among others.

Preferably, the interlaced image is then printed directly (as describedabove) to the typically substantially flat back surface of theappropriate lenticular lens. Alternatively, an indirect printing methodcan be used in which the interlaced image is printed to a substrate, andthe image and substrate subsequently joined (e.g., using an adhesive) tothe lenticular lens. In yet another embodiment, an interlaced image canbe joined in a nonpermanent fashion to the lenticular lens so that theposition of the image can be altered or adjusted with respect to thelens, or the image itself interchanged. In all of the above-describedinstances, correspondence between the interlaced image and lenticularlens is maintained, as shown and described herein.

FIG. 8 is a schematic end view of lenticular image 35 in whichinterlaced image 41 is joined to lenticular lens 40 having lenticules 42a–b. Interlaced image 41 includes interlaced image segment 46. As shown,there is a lack of correspondence between interlaced image segment 46 ofinterlaced image 41 and lenticule 42 a of lenticular lens 35.

FIG. 9 shows a schematic end view of lenticular image 50 in whichinterlaced image 51 is joined to lenticular lens 52 having lenticules 54a–b. Interlaced image 51 includes interlaced image segment 56. As shown,correspondence exists between interlaced image segment 56 of interlacedimage 51 and lenticule 54 a of lenticular lens 52.

As used in the context of a lenticular image, “correspondence” meansthat each interlaced segment is covered or substantially covered by onelenticule and that the lenticule and interlaced segment aresubstantially congruent with one another. Correspondence is easilyconfirmed by viewing the interlaced image (i.e., the image comprisingthe interlaced segments arranged in the desired order) through thelenticular lens (i.e., the lenticular image) at a predetermined ordesired viewing distance.

As a practical matter, there is typically not a precise one-to-onecorrespondence between an interlaced image segment of a correspondinginterlaced image and the lenticule of the lens which overlays thesegment. Rather, each interlaced image segment may be made coarser(i.e., wider) or finer (i.e., narrower) than the lenticule of the lenswhich overlays it. For example, to accommodate an increase in size of aninterlaced image during printing, a phenomenon known as “press growth”,interlaced image segments are typically designed or created to be finerthan the lenticules of the lens which will ultimately overlay them.Again, correspondence can be confirmed by viewing the interlaced throughthe lenticular at a predetermined or desired viewing distance todetermine whether the desired illusion of multidimensionality iscreated.

Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 8, correspondence is not achieved sinceinterlaced segment 46 is not covered or substantially covered bylenticule 42 a. Moreover, lenticule 42 b covers frame segment 1 ₁ ofinterlaced segment 46. However, in FIG. 9, the entire interlaced segment56 is covered or substantially covered by lenticule 54 a. In practice,lenticular image 50 will provide an illusion of multidimensionality to aviewer with little, if any, distortion. In sum, lenticular image 50 canbe said to be a “corresponding lenticular image” and interlaced image 51can be termed a “corresponding interlaced image”. It is of particularnote that the pitch of the lenticular lens has not been varied from FIG.8 to FIG. 9.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating one aspect of the presentinvention, which is generally referred to by the numeral 110, which caninclude a computer 112, a controller 114, and a high resolution outputdevice 116. Computer systems can also be used that comprise one or moreof the above-described items, as indicated by dashed line 113. The highresolution output device will preferably be in communication with thecomputer and the controller. Computer software located at computer 112can be used to create, send and/or receive interlaced image file 118 andcan include instructions for creating an interlaced image that willultimately be joined to a lenticular lens to create a lenticular image.Ultimately, image file 118 is transmitted from computer 112 to outputdevice 116 (e.g., an image setter, plate setter, etc.) capable ofcreating an output 120 (e.g., a plate, a proof, or film) using outputelement 122 (e.g., an exposure element), which itself is typically incommunication with controller 114. Output 120 will be tested or used 124to create an interlaced image which can be tested 126 with anappropriate lenticular lens. If correspondence is achieved, a full printrun 128 can be initiated. If correspondence is not achieved, the outputresolution varying feedback loop 130 can be utilized to adjust or varythe output resolution (e.g., the output resolution in the “x” direction)to obtain a varied resolution of the output 120 (or simply a “variedoutput resolution”) using controller 114 and output element 122.

FIG. 11 shows a flow chart illustrating a method of outputting (i.e.,following any imaging techniques being performed), generally referred bynumeral 200, in accordance with the present invention. The outputprocess begins 202 by receiving 204 an interlaced image file having “x”and “y” interlaced image resolutions (which may or may not be distinct).An initial timing for the output device is set 206 either by default orinitial setting, typically based on the presumed pitch of the lenticularlens material being used (e.g., 101.5 lpi). Following this initialtiming setting, the interlaced image file is output 208 (e.g., to aplate, proof, or film) which may be a separate operation from or includejoining 210 the interlaced image to the lenticular lens. It must then bedetermined 212 whether correspondence has been achieved, that is, if theinterlaced segments substantially match or mimic the lenticules of thelenticular lens. This is typically accomplished by visual inspection(e.g., the interlaced image is viewed through the lens to confirmcorrespondence). If not in correspondence 214, the output x resolutionof the interlaced image file is varied 216 to obtain a varied outputresolution and the interlaced image file is again output 208, joined210, and correspondence is determined 212. If correspondence is achieved218, the lenticular image is in its desired form, and a complete printrun 219 of lenticular images can be run. If not, the varying process andsubsequent testing can be repeated until the desired correspondence isachieved, bringing the correspondence outputting method to a conclusion220.

FIGS. 12 a–c show examples of digital frames 220 a–b and interlacedimage 222 created in accordance with a preferred embodiment of thepresent invention. Interlaced image 222, comprising digital frames 220a–b, is illustrative of an image in which correspondence has beenachieved between the interlaced image segments of the image and thelenticules of the lens to which it will be joined using the apparatusand procedures shown and described herein.

As shown in FIG. 13, digital frame or interlaced image file 100 can beadjusted or “tuned” using a computer 102 prior to output 104, whichagain is preferably accomplished using a high resolution output device.In one preferred embodiment, digital frames are created to have a“square” resolution, that is, the first (e.g., x) and second (e.g., y)resolutions are the same or substantially the same. In this embodiment,the frames can be sent to a RIP, typically associated with the outputdevice, and thus are rasterized so as to result in a non-square filehaving distinct and potentially different resolutions. In one example, adigital frame having first and second frame resolutions of 1218 ppi israsterized in a fashion that results in a file having a first resolutionof 2436 dpi and a second resolution of 2400 dpi.

In a preferred embodiment, the corresponding interlaced image is joinedto a high definition lenticular lens, as shown and described in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 09/816,435, which is incorporated herein byreference.

Other embodiments are contemplated and within the scope of the presentinvention. For example, in one aspect, the present invention is directedto a method of producing a lenticular image, the method comprising:creating a plurality of digital frames comprising a first distinct frameresolution correlating to a first direction and a second distinct frameresolution correlating to a second direction; compressing at least oneof the digital frames in at least the first direction; creating at leastone interlaced image from at least two of the plurality of digitalframes, the interlaced image comprising at least first and secondinterlaced image resolutions correlating to the first and seconddirections; screening the at least one interlaced image in the firstdirection and the second direction to create a screened interlacedimage; outputting the screened interlaced image utilizing an outputdevice that can output the screened interlaced image at two distinctresolutions correlating to the first and second directions, at least oneof the two resolutions a variable output device resolution, such that acorrespondence is maintained between the interlaced image and alenticular lens in at least one direction; and creating a lenticularimage by joining the interlaced image to the lenticular lens.

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a method ofproducing a lenticular image having a first resolution and a secondresolution the method comprising providing a lenticular lens comprisinga plurality of lenticules; outputting a screened interlaced imageutilizing an output device that can output the screened interlaced imageat two distinct resolutions correlating to a first direction and asecond direction, at least one of the two resolutions a variable outputdevice resolution, such that a correspondence is maintained between theinterlaced image and a lenticular lens in at least one of thedirections; and creating a lenticular image by joining the screenedinterlaced image to the lenticular lens.

In yet another aspect, the present invention is directed to a method ofproducing a screened interlaced image having a first resolution and asecond resolution, the interlaced image for use in a lenticular image,the method comprising creating a plurality of digital frames comprisinga first distinct frame resolution correlating to a first direction and asecond distinct frame resolution correlating to a second direction;compressing at least one of the digital frames in at least the firstdirection; creating an interlaced image from at least two of theplurality of digital frames, the interlaced image comprising at leastfirst and second interlaced image resolutions correlating to the firstand second directions; and screening the at least one interlaced imagein the first direction and in the second direction to create a screenedinterlaced image having a first distinct resolution and a seconddistinct resolution, the first and second resolutions correlating to thefirst and the second directions.

The present invention provides an image that can impart the illusion ofmultidimensionality by tuning the resolution of an image, and morespecifically an interlaced image, in at least two directions, forexample, a first direction having a variable resolution and a seconddirection having a fixed resolution, the variable resolution maintaininga correspondence to an appropriate lenticular lens.

In the present invention, digital frames are created to have at least afirst frame resolution and a second frame resolution. These frameresolutions can correspond to first and second dimensions of the digitalframe (e.g. a width and a height).

In general, the present invention is directed to a method of producingmultidimensional lithographic separations and multidimensional imagesthat can incorporate more digital image frames than was previouslypossible for a given file size. In one example, multidimensional imagesmade according to the present invention can include twice the number offrames with half the file size. In essence, the file size requirementfor a given multidimensional image can be reduced while simultaneouslyincreasing the number of frames used to create the multidimensionalimage itself.

Although the construction of an interlaced image has been described fromthe perspective of columns, interlaced images can also be constructedfrom the perspective of rows or other groups of pixels if particulareffects are desired. For example, creating motion from an array of rowsallows the composite image to be displayed in any perspective forward ofthe viewer, e.g., in an overhead, on a wall or billboard, in a floorpanel, etc. As the viewer moves toward the display, regardless of angle,but preferably from a relatively perpendicular approach, the viewerperceives the intended motion.

Specific types of lenticular images include, but are not limited to,“flip images,” “morph images,” and “zoom images,” among others. Flipimages comprise at least 2 base images and can impart motion and/orchange from one image to another as the viewer's position changes withrespect to the lenticular image being viewed. Morph images are similarto flip images except that images transform or more fluidly change fromone image to another as the viewer's view position changes. Zoomlenticular images, as the name implies, provides the illusion of imagemagnification as a viewer's viewing position with respect to theinterlaced image being viewed changes.

The process of this invention is preferably a direct lithographicprocess that eliminates the need to output intermediate art that wouldlater require separation from the interlaced image (i.e., the image thatis joined to the lenticular lens to create the lenticular image). Theprocess results in direct creation of lithographic separations either inthe form of a film or, preferably, a plate. In the art, this is known asComputer to Plate (or “CTP”).

In a CTP workflow, images that will be printed are plotted directly tothe printing plate from digital data without any intermediary film. InCTP processing, every plate is considered to be a “master” that is madedirectly from the same digital data. CTP processing can produce sharperdots than conventionally imaged plates. The dots register moreeffectively, more faithfully reproduce more of the tonal range, generateless dot gain. Thus, using CTP, better image resolution andcorrespondence can be achieved, and better registration can be obtainedfrom plate-to-plate and from color to color.

Exemplary digital plate types that are currently available include: aphotopolymer such as the N90-A; a silver halide such as Lithostar andSilverlith; hybrids composed of both a photopolymer and a silver halide;and thermal plates. All of these technologies are capable of generatinghigh quality printing, though it is noted that photopolymer plates offerthe advantage of long run lengths (e.g., on the order of 500,000 runs ormore) and silver halide plates support finer screen rulings (e.g., onthe order of 175 pi or more).

Methods have been described and outlined in a sequential fashion. Still,elimination, modification, rearrangement, combination, reordering, orthe like, of the methods is contemplated and considered within the scopeof the appending claims.

In general, while the present invention has been described in terms ofpreferred embodiments, it is recognized that equivalents, alternatives,and modifications, aside from those expressly stated, are possible andwithin the scope of the appending claims.

1. A method of making a corresponding lenticular image comprising:providing an output device in communication with a computer having amemory; receiving into the computer memory an interlaced image file;converting the interlaced image file into an output having an outputresolution; varying the resolution of the output to define a variedoutput resolution; and creating a corresponding lenticular image usingthe output at the varied output resolution; wherein the varying isaccomplished using a Mainscale Scan Adjustment (“MSA”) clock.
 2. Themethod of claim 1 wherein the output device is a plate setter.
 3. Themethod of claim 2 wherein the output is a plate.
 4. The method of claim1 wherein the output device is an image setter.
 5. The method of claim 1wherein the output is one of a plate, a proof and a film.
 6. The methodof claim 1 wherein the output is an interlaced image.
 7. The method ofclaim 1 wherein varying includes adjusting the timing of exposure of theoutput.
 8. The method of claim 7 wherein adjusting includes convertingthe output resolution in dots per inch to a unit value in parts permillion.
 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the output device is one of:an inkjet printer, an electrostatic printer, and a laser printer.
 10. Amethod of making a corresponding lenticular image comprising: providinga plate setter in communication with a computer having a memory;receiving into the computer memory an interlaced image file; convertingthe interlaced image file into a plate output having an outputresolution; varying the resolution of the plate output to define avaried output resolution; and creating a corresponding lenticular imageusing the plate output at the varied output resolution; wherein thevarying is accomplished using a Mainscale Scan Adjustment (“MSA”) clock.11. The method of claim 10 wherein creating the corresponding lenticularimage includes joining a lenticular lens having a pitch to an interlacedimage comprising a plurality of frames.
 12. The method of claim 11wherein the varied output resolution is equal toL×f where L is the lenticular lens pitch and f is the number of framesin the interlaced image.
 13. The method of claim 10 wherein the varyingis accomplished using only the plate setter.
 14. The method of claim 10wherein varying includes adjusting the timing of exposure of the plateoutput.
 15. The method of claim 14 wherein adjusting includes convertingthe output resolution in dots per inch to a unit value in parts permillion.
 16. The method of claim 10 wherein creating the correspondinglenticular image includes printing the image directly to a flat backsurface of the lens.
 17. The method of claim 10 wherein creating thecorresponding lenticular image includes printing a correspondinginterlaced image to a substrate.
 18. The method of claim 17 wherein thesubstrate comprises at least one of: paper, plastic, metal, glass, andwood.
 19. The method of claim 10 further comprising applying a coatingto the corresponding lenticular image.
 20. The method of claim 10wherein varying does not include adjusting a resolution of interlacedimage file.
 21. A method of making a corresponding lenticular imagecomprising: providing a plate setter in communication with a computerhaving a memory; receiving into the computer memory an interlaced imagefile; converting the interlaced image file into a plate output having anoutput resolution; varying the resolution of the plate output to definea varied output resolution using a Mainscale Scan Adjustment (“MSA”)clock to adjust the timing of exposure of the plate output; and creatinga corresponding lenticular image using the plate output at the variedoutput resolution.
 22. The method of claim 21 wherein adjusting includesconverting the output resolution in dots per inch to a unit value inparts per million.
 23. The method of claim 21 wherein creating thecorresponding lenticular image includes printing the image directly to aflat back surface of the lens.
 24. The method of claim 21 wherein thecorresponding lenticular image comprises a corresponding interlacedimage.
 25. The method of claim 21 wherein the corresponding lenticularimage comprises a high definition lenticular lens.
 26. A method ofmaking a corresponding lenticular image comprising: providing an outputdevice in communication with a computer having a memory; receiving intothe computer memory an interlaced image file; converting the interlacedimage file into an output having an output resolution; varying, usingthe output device, the resolution of the output to define a variedoutput resolution; and creating a corresponding lenticular image usingthe output at the varied output resolution; wherein the varying isaccomplished using a time-keeping element.
 27. The method of claim 26wherein the varying includes increasing the resolution of the outputsuch that the varied output resolution is greater than the resolution ofthe output.
 28. The method of claim 26 wherein the varying includesdecreasing the resolution of the output such that the varied outputresolution is less than the resolution of the output.
 29. The method ofclaim 26 wherein creating the corresponding lenticular image includesjoining a lenticular lens having a pitch to an interlaced imagecomprising a plurality of frames.
 30. The method of claim 26 wherein thevaried output resolution is equal toL×f where L is a lenticular lens pitch and f is the number of frames inan interlaced image.
 31. The method of claim 26 wherein creating thecorresponding lenticular image includes printing the image directly to aflat back surface of the lens.
 32. The method of claim 26 whereincreating the corresponding lenticular image includes printing acorresponding interlaced image to a substrate.
 33. The method of claim32 wherein the substrate comprises at least one of: paper, plastic,metal, glass, and wood.
 34. The method of claim 26 further comprisingapplying a coating to the corresponding lenticular image.
 35. The methodof claim 26 wherein varying does not include adjusting a resolution ofinterlaced image file.
 36. The method of claim 26 wherein thetime-keeping element is a clock.
 37. The method of claim 26 furthercomprising adjusting the time-keeping element to control and fine tuneimage creation.
 38. The method of claim 26 wherein the output device isa device selected from at least one of the following: a plate setter, animage setter, an inkjet printer, a digital press, an electrostaticprinter, and a laser printer.
 39. The method of claim 26 wherein theoutput device is a device that is capable of receiving an interlacedimage file and creating at least one of: a film separation, a printingplate, and a digital proof.
 40. The method of claim 26 wherein theoutput device is a device that can result in an interlaced image beingprinted directly or indirectly to a lenticular lens.
 41. A method ofmaking a corresponding lenticular image comprising: providing a platesetter in communication with a computer having a memory; receiving intothe computer memory an interlaced image file; converting the interlacedimage file into a plate output having an output resolution; varying,using the plate setter, the resolution of the plate output to define avaried output resolution; and creating a corresponding lenticular imageusing the plate output at the varied output resolution; wherein thevarying is accomplished using a time-keeping element.
 42. The method ofclaim 41 wherein the time-keeping element comprises a clock.
 43. Themethod of claim 41 further comprising adjusting, using the time-keepingelement, the timing of exposure of the plate output.